For every revolution of the crankshaft, how many revolutions does the camshaft complete?

In a four-stroke engine, the camshaft is designed to operate the engine’s valves in sync with the movement of the piston. For every complete revolution of the crankshaft, the camshaft completes one-half revolution. This is because the four-stroke cycle consists of four distinct strokes: intake, compression, power, and exhaust, covering two crankshaft revolutions for each complete engine cycle.

During the first crankshaft revolution, the intake and compression strokes occur. The camshaft operates the intake valve to allow the air-fuel mixture into the cylinder and then closes it for the compression stroke. In the second crankshaft revolution, the power stroke happens, when the mixture ignites and pushes the piston down, followed by the exhaust stroke, where the exhaust valve opens to release the combustion gases. Since one complete cycle consists of two crankshaft revolutions, and during that cycle the camshaft only needs to rotate once for both intake and exhaust operations, it results in the camshaft completing one-half revolution for every one full revolution of the crankshaft. This relationship is essential for maintaining the timing of the engine's operations.